Tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (TB–HIV) coinfection remain a global public health problem with a significant impact on morbidity and mortality, particularly in high-burden countries. Gender- and age-based disparities in coinfection risk, treatment outcomes, and mortality exist. Routine TB and HIV surveillance data have the potential to assess these disparities at the population level, but the available evidence is scattered and has not been comprehensively synthesized. This review synthesizes observational studies based on routine TB, HIV, or integrated TB–HIV surveillance data from various countries. Narrative analysis assesses data sources, analytical approaches, and gender and age-related differences in outcomes. Most studies indicate that men and young adults of childbearing age have a higher risk of coinfection and worse outcomes and mortality, although patterns vary among women and specific age groups depending on social and health system contexts. The most frequently analyzed outcomes are treatment success and mortality, while indicators of early diagnosis and continuity of care are relatively rarely reported. Most studies use conventional regression analysis, which is limited in exploring interactions between gender and age. Gender and age disparities are important factors in the epidemiology and outcomes of TB–HIV. Strengthening routine surveillance systems, utilizing longitudinal data, and implementing gender- and age-sensitive analytical approaches are essential to support more equitable, targeted, and effective TB–HIV interventions.
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